[24] In 1 Kings 22:1925,[25] the prophet Micaiah describes to King Ahab a vision of Yahweh sitting on his throne surrounded by the Host of Heaven. [297] Satanic symbolism appears in rock music from the 1960s. [215], Muslim tradition preserves a number of stories involving dialogues between Jesus and Iblis,[208] all of which are intended to demonstrate Jesus's virtue and Satan's depravity. What he can do is posses an fleshly body and dominate it. Health & Wellbeing. [156], During the Early Modern Period, Christians gradually began to regard Satan as increasingly powerful[154] and the fear of Satan's power became a dominant aspect of the worldview of Christians across Europe. [201] Concerning the fiery origin of Iblis, Zakariya al-Qazwini and Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ibshihi[202] state that all supernatural creatures originated from fire but the angels from its light and the jinn from its blaze, thus fire denotes a disembodiment origin of all spiritual entities. Alex Sanders, a former black magician, served as a consultant on the film to ensure that the rituals portrayed in it were depicted accurately. [185], During the first two centuries of Islam, Muslims almost unanimously accepted the traditional story known as the Satanic Verses as true. Satan appears frequently in Christian literature, most notably in Dante Alighieri's Inferno, all variants of the classic Faust story, John Milton's Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, and the poems of William Blake. He is later bound for one thousand years, but is briefly set free before being ultimately defeated and cast into the Lake of Fire. "[88][89] John 13:2 describes the Devil as inspiring Judas to betray Jesus[90] and John 12:3132 identifies Satan as "the Archon of this Cosmos", who is destined to be overthrown through Jesus's death and resurrection. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Satans sister would certainly be involved in collecting the dead. [103] In Revelation 2:910, as part of the letter to the church at Smyrna, John of Patmos refers to the Jews of Smyrna as "a synagogue of Satan"[104] and warns that "the Devil is about to cast some of you into prison as a test [peirasmos], and for ten days you will have affliction. Sister Lucia dos Santos, one of the three children who witnessed the Marian apparitions at Fatima, died in 2005. [37], The idea of Satan as an opponent of God and a purely evil figure seems to have taken root in Jewish pseudepigrapha during the Second Temple Period,[38] particularly in the apocalypses. According to the Book of Moses, the Devil offered to be the redeemer of mankind for the sake of his own glory. In the apocryphal Book of Jubilees, Yahweh grants the satan (referred to as Mastema) authority over a group of fallen angels, or their offspring, to tempt humans to sin and punish them. [220] Sufis reject the concept of dualism[220][221] and instead believe in the unity of existence. [295] Charles Gounod's Faust features a narrative that involves Satan. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [199] Abu Mansur al-Maturidi who is reverred as the founder of Maturidiyyah Sunni orthodoxy (kalam) argued that since angels can be blessed by God, they are also put to a test and can be punished. [citation needed] When Hellstrom was a young adolescent, Victoria interrupted a ritual sacrifice "Satan" had staged in their basement involving the participation of Satana. Omissions? [188][185] Iblis thereafter became a kafir, "an ungrateful disbeliever",[8] whose sole mission is to lead humanity astray. LICENSES. [87] The Gospel of John only uses the name Satan three times. [39] According to a narration, the sound of the shofar, which is primarily intended to remind Jews of the importance of teshuva, is also intended symbolically to "confuse the accuser" (Satan) and prevent him from rendering any litigation to God against the Jews. [42] The Watchers are ultimately sequestered in isolated caves across the earth[42] and are condemned to face judgement at the end of time. [185] Muslims do not regard Satan as the cause of evil, but as a tempter, who takes advantage of humans' inclinations toward self-centeredness. [291] Over the next thirty years, the novels of Dennis Wheatley and the films of Hammer Film Productions both played a major role in shaping the popular image of Satanism. After his offer was rejected, Satan became rebellious and was subsequently cast out of heaven. These are an amalgam of traits derived from various pagan deities, including Pan, Poseidon, and Bes. [63], Rabbinical scholarship on the Book of Job generally follows the Talmud and Maimonides in identifying "the satan" from the prologue as a metaphor for the yetzer hara and not an actual entity. [290], The film version of Ira Levin's Rosemary's Baby established made Satanic themes a staple of mainstream horror fiction. 1 Samuel 29:4, it refers to human adversaries, but in the later books, especially Job 1-2 and Zechariah 3, to a supernatural entity. "[217], Muslims believe that Satan is also the cause of deceptions originating from the mind and desires for evil. [256], Satan appears in several stories from The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer,[257] including "The Summoner's Prologue", in which a friar arrives in Hell and sees no other friars,[258] but is told there are millions. [194][185] God appointed him as judge over the other jinn and he became known as Al-Hakam. [96][97] According to James H. Charlesworth, there is no evidence the surviving book of this name ever contained any such content. [220] For the Muslim Sufi scholar Ahmad Ghazali, Iblis was the paragon of lovers in self sacrifice for refusing to bow down to Adam out of pure devotion to God [222] Ahmad Ghazali's student Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir was among the Sunni Muslim mystics who defended Iblis, asserted that evil was also God's creation, Sheikh Adi argued that if evil existed without the will of God, then God would be powerless and powerlessness can't be attributed to God. [66] The Hasidic Jews of the eighteenth century associated ha-Satan with Baal Davar. [108] The Great Red Dragon knocks "a third of the sun a third of the moon, and a third of the stars" out the sky[109] and pursues the Woman of the Apocalypse. [255] In his three mouths, Satan gnaws on Brutus, Judas Iscariot, and Cassius,[255] whom Dante regarded as having betrayed the "two greatest heroes of the human race":[256] Julius Caesar, the founder of the new order of government, and Jesus, the founder of the new order of religion. For personifications of evil in various cultures, see, "The Devil" redirects here. Not that I know of. But one third of Gods Angel's went with him when he fell from heaven to become demons. They became totally evil.and all evil on In the end, Iblis will be released from hell. A depiction of rebel angles being ejected from heaven by God. "[181][182] According to the Encyclopdia Britannica, liberal Christianity tends to view Satan "as a [figurative] mythological attempt to express the reality and extent of evil in the universe, existing outside and apart from humanity but profoundly influencing the human sphere. [170] This skepticism was bolstered by the belief that miracles only occurred during the Apostolic Age, which had long since ended. "[237], Post-LaVeyan Satanists, like the adherents of The Satanic Temple, argue that the human animal has a natural altruistic and communal tendency, and frame Satan as a figure of struggle against injustice and activism. His name, Beelzebul, used in the Gospels mainly in reference to demonic possession, comes from the name of the god of Ekron, Baalzebub (II Kings 1). [147] The Golden Legend, a collection of saints' lives compiled in around 1260 by the Dominican Friar Jacobus de Voragine, contains numerous stories about encounters between saints and Satan,[149] in which Satan is constantly duped by the saints' cleverness and by the power of God. [39] The Book of Enoch, which the Dead Sea Scrolls have revealed to have been nearly as popular as the Torah,[40] describes a group of 200 angels known as the "Watchers", who are assigned to supervise the earth, but instead abandon their duties and have sexual intercourse with human women. [105], Revelation 12:3 describes a vision of a Great Red Dragon with seven heads, ten horns, seven crowns, and a massive tail,[106] an image which is likely inspired by the vision of the four beasts from the sea in the Book of Daniel[107] and the Leviathan described in various Old Testament passages. Satan's status as a 'physical' entity is strengthened by numerous other rabbinical anecdotes: one tale describes two separate incidents where Satan appeared as a woman in order to tempt Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Akiva into sin. [88] The same verse describes the Devil as "a man-killer from the beginning"[88] and "a liar and the father of lying. Satan is the prince of evil spirits and adversary of God in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Attar compares Iblis's damnation to the Biblical Benjamin: Both were accused injustly, but their punishment had a greater meaning. [62] Another passage describes Satan taking the form of an ill-mannered, diseased beggar in order to tempt the sage Peleimu into breaking the mitzvah of hospitality. During the early modern period, witches were widely believed to engage in sexually explicit Satanic rituals with demons, Stephen M. Hooks 2007 "As in Zechariah 3:12 the term here carries the definite article (has'satan="the satan") and functions not as athe only place in the Hebrew Bible where the term "Satan" is unquestionably used as a proper name is, Septuagint 108:6 , sfn error: no target: CITEREFRussell1977 (, "And I threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless" , "The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he made Sotona from the heavens as his name was Satanail, thus he became different from the angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding of righteous and sinful things" , Alexander Altmann, Alfred L. Ivry, Elliot R. Wolfson, Allan Arkush, Robert Eisen Associate Professor of Religious Studies George Washington University, The Assumption of Moses: a critical edition with commentary By Johannes Tromp. [163] Some settlers claimed to have seen Satan himself appear in the flesh at native ceremonies. [239][240] However, rather than being Satanic, Yazidism can be understood as a remnant of a pre-Islamic Middle Eastern Indo-European religion, and/or a ghulat Sufi movement founded by Shaykh Adi. [22] Yahweh asks the Host which of them will lead Ahab astray. According to the visions in the Book of Revelation, when the risen Christ returns from heaven to reign on earth, Satan will be bound with a great chain for a thousand years, then be released, but almost immediately face final defeat and be cast into eternal punishment. According to the stories of the 16th-century occultist Johann Weyer, Beelzebub led a successful revolt against the Devil, is the chief lieutenant of Lucifer, the Emperor of Hell, and presides over the Order of the Fly.Similarly, the 17th-century exorcist Sbastien Michalis, in his [210] According to this narrative, Muhammad was told by Satan to add words to the Quran which would allow Muslims to pray for the intercession of pagan goddesses. [243] The cult of the skeletal figure of Santa Muerte, which has grown exponentially in Mexico,[244][245] has been denounced by the Catholic Church as Devil-worship. Sister Maria is known in the convent for her good works and charity, but, in the secret depths of her sexual fantasies, she is tormented by visions of another world - a world where her forbidden passions are allowed to run free. [289] So-called "Black Masses" have been portrayed in sensationalist B-movies since the 1960s. "[216] Abu Uthman al-Jahiz credits Jesus with saying, "The world is Satan's farm, and its people are his plowmen. [123] Ezekiel 28:1215 uses a description of a cherub in Eden as a polemic against Ithobaal II, the king of Tyre. Ibn Abbas asserts that the word jinn could be applied to earthly jinn, but also to "fiery angels" like Satan. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Devil, also known as Satan, Lucifer or Baphomet, is a mythic figure who embodies evil. [208] Ahmad quotes Jesus as saying, "The greatest sin is love of the world. Satan is mentioned explicitly in some daily prayers, including during Shacharit and certain post-meal benedictions, as described in the Talmud[68] and the Jewish Code of Law. During the early modern period, Satan's significance greatly increased as beliefs such as demonic possession and witchcraft became more prevalent. [167] By the time of the Second Great Awakening, Satan's primary role in American evangelicalism was as the opponent of the evangelical movement itself, who spent most of his time trying to hinder the ministries of evangelical preachers,[168] a role he has largely retained among present-day American fundamentalists. [195] In the Quranic retelling of the story of Job, Job knows that Satan is the one tormenting him. [116] Other early church fathers to mention this identification include Theophilus and Tertullian. [194] He fulfilled his duty for a thousand years before growing negligent,[185] but was rehabilitated again and resumed his position until his refusal to bow before Adam. For them he is a freedom fighter", "An Introduction to LaVeyan Satanism and the Church of Satan", "Religious Requirements and Practices churchofsatan.com", "BBC News Vatican declares Mexican Death Saint blasphemous", "Saint or Satan? [92], Jude 9 refers to a dispute between Michael the Archangel and the Devil over the body of Moses. [250][251] This genre frequently describes Satan as physically incarnating in order to receive worship.[252]. In Christianity and Islam, he is usually seen as a fallen angel or jinn who has rebelled against God, who nevertheless allows him temporary power over the fallen world and a host of demons. [188][185] After his banishment from Paradise, Iblis, who thereafter became known as Al-Shaitan ("the Demon"),[188] lured Adam and Eve into eating the forbidden fruit. In this world Satan is her master. [294] Niccol Paganini was believed to have derived his musical talent from a deal with the Devil. [125] He concluded that Isaiah 14:12 is an allegory for Satan and that Ezekiel 28:1215 is an allusion to "a certain Angel who had received the office of governing the nation of the Tyrians," but was hurled down to Earth after he was found to be corrupt. [241], In the Middle Ages, the Cathars, practitioners of a dualistic religion, were accused of worshipping Satan by the Catholic Church. Wine is the key to every evil. [28] Yahweh consents; the satan destroys Job's servants and flocks, yet Job refuses to condemn Yahweh. [45] Yahweh acquiesces this request[45] and Mastema uses them to tempt humans into committing more sins, so that he may punish them for their wickedness. In the Qurn the proper name Shaitan (Satan) is used. "[268] Paradise Regained, the sequel to Paradise Lost, is a retelling of Satan's temptation of Jesus in the desert. [284] The turban probably refers to a narration of Iblis' fall: there he wore a turban, then he was sent down from heaven. [113] However, the beast mentioned in Revelation 13 is not Satan,[114] and the use of 666 in the Book of Revelation has been interpreted as a reference to the Roman Emperor Nero, as 666 is the numeric value of his name in Hebrew. [86] Luke 22:36 states that Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus because "Satan entered" him[85] and, in Acts 5:3, Peter describes Satan as "filling" Ananias's heart and causing him to sin. [258] The legend of Faust, recorded in the 1589 chapbook The History of the Damnable Life and the Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus,[259] concerns a pact allegedly made by the German scholar Johann Georg Faust with a demon named Mephistopheles agreeing to sell his soul to Satan in exchange for twenty-four years of earthly pleasure. [159] In the mid-sixteenth century, the panic spread to England and Switzerland. Lucifer Morningstar / SamaelSamael "Lucifer Morningstar" The Devil, Ruler of HellFamilyGod of Creation (father) Goddess of Creation (mother) Amenadiel (older brother) Uriel (younger brother, deceased) Azrael (younger sister) Remiel (younger sister, deceased) Michael Demiurgos (twin brother) Gabriel (younger sister)11 more rows [133][134] For most Christians, Satan has been regarded as an angel who rebelled against God. There he remains and fasts for 40 days and 40 nights. Under the influence of the 18th-century revolt against belief in the supernatural, liberal Christian theology tended to treat the biblical language about Satan as picture thinking not to be taken literallyas a mythological attempt to express the reality and extent of evil in the universe, existing outside and apart from humanity but profoundly influencing the human sphere. [41] The leader of the Watchers is Semjz[42] and another member of the group, known as Azazel, spreads sin and corruption among humankind. This in turn was borrowed from Greek diabolos "slanderer", from diaballein "to slander": dia- "across, through" + ballein "to hurl". My parents are committed Christians and took my sisters and me to church when we were kids. In this religion, "Satan" is not viewed or depicted as a hubristic, irrational, and fraudulent creature, but rather is revered with Prometheus-like attributes, symbolizing liberty and individual empowerment. [152] Witches were believed to fly through the air on broomsticks,[152] consort with demons,[152] perform in "lurid sexual rituals" in the forests,[152] murder human infants and eat them as part of Satanic rites,[153] and engage in conjugal relations with demons. Lucifer Morningstar / SamaelSamael "Lucifer Morningstar" The Devil, Ruler of HellFamilyGod of Creation (father) Goddess of Creation (mother) Amenadiel (older Satan appeared before a small town congregation. Everyone started screaming and running for the front church door, trampling each other in a franti Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second", "Cerro Rico: Devil worship on the man-eating mountain", p. 74, "If, as theistic Satanists believe, the devil is an intelligent, self-aware entity" "Theistic Satanism then becomes explicable in terms of Lucifer's ambition to be the supreme god and his rebellion against Yahweh. Despite his suffering, Job still refuses to curse God. [130] In Christian tradition ever since, both Isaiah 14:12[131][132] and Ezekiel 28:1215 have been understood as allegorically referring to Satan. "[270], Satan's appearance does not appear in the Bible or in early Christian writings,[272][273] though Paul the Apostle does write that "Satan disguises himself as an angel of light" (2 Corinthians 11:14). In the Middle Ages, Satan played a minimal role in Christian theology and was used as a comic relief figure in mystery plays. [83], The Synoptic Gospels identify Satan and his demons as the causes of illness,[78] including fever (Luke 4:39), leprosy (Luke 5:13), and arthritis (Luke 13:1116),[78] while the Epistle to the Hebrews describes the Devil as "him who holds the power of death" (Hebrews 2:14). Douglas Davies asserts that this text "reflects" the temptation of Jesus in the Bible. [79] According to the Parable of the Sower, Satan "profoundly influences" those who fail to understand the gospel. [178] W. Scott Poole, author of Satan in America: The Devil We Know, has opined that "In the United States over the last forty to fifty years, a composite image of Satan has emerged that borrows from both popular culture and theological sources" and that most American Christians do not "separate what they know [about Satan] from the movies from what they know from various ecclesiastical and theological traditions. [155] Both Protestants and Catholics alike firmly believed in witchcraft as a real phenomenon and supported its prosecution. [224], However, not all Muslim Sufi mystics are in agreement with a positive depiction of Iblis. 130K followers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, World History Encyclopedia - The Origin of Satan. Muslims do distinguish between the satanic temptations and the murmurings of the bodily lower self (nafs). [78] The fact that Jesus does not dispute Satan's promise indicates that the authors of those gospels believed this to be true. [55] Traditionalists and philosophers in medieval Judaism adhered to rational theology, rejecting any belief in rebel or fallen angels, and viewing evil as abstract. [88] In John 8:44, Jesus says that his Jewish or Judean enemies are the children of the Devil rather than the children of Abraham. In Judaism it is sometimes understood that, as adversary, Satan acts as something of a divine prosecutor for God; the two figures are not seen as antithetical. [155][156] The German Inquisitors Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger argued in their book Malleus Maleficarum, published in 1487, that all maleficia ("sorcery") was rooted in the work of Satan. The Book of Wisdom: With Introduction and Notes, p. 27, Oxford dictionary of the Jewish religion, 2011, p. 651, "Part 1 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Linear Translation: The Laws of finger washing and the blessings after the meal", "What Reform Jews Believe: Central tenets of this faith, based on the questions in the Belief-O-Matic quiz", "ANF04. [223] Some Sufis assert, since Iblis was destined by God to become a devil, God will also restore him to his former angelic nature. [186], Seven suras in the Quran describe how God ordered all the angels and Iblis to bow before the newly created Adam. [54], Most Jews do not believe in the existence of a supernatural omnimalevolent figure. [84] The author of Luke-Acts attributes more power to Satan than both Matthew and Mark. [261][262] Milton portrays Satan as a tragic antihero destroyed by his own hubris. [136], Most early Christians firmly believed that Satan and his demons had the power to possess humans[142] and exorcisms were widely practiced by Jews, Christians, and pagans alike. [277][273][147] Satan may have first become associated with goats through the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats, recorded in Matthew 25:3146,[278] in which Jesus separates sheep (representing the saved) from goats (representing the damned); the damned are thrown into an "everlasting fire" along with Satan and his angels. 284 posts. The word itself is an adjective (meaning "astray" or "distant", sometimes translated as "devil") that can be applied to both man ("al-ins", ) and al-jinn (), but it is also used in reference to Satan in particular. In collecting the dead asks the Host which of them will lead Ahab astray he became as. Have derived his musical talent from a deal with the Devil, also known Al-Hakam... Devil '' redirects here, died in 2005 `` [ 217 ], However, not all Sufi! Shaitan ( Satan ) is used God appointed him as judge over the body of Moses 28 Yahweh... Portrays Satan as a tragic antihero destroyed by his own glory 79 ] according to the Biblical Benjamin Both. 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